(A)
Narrative
History.
The history of the 461st Bombardment
Group for the month of April revolves very largely around the flying of combat
missions. On days when there were no
missions, both the combat crew personnel and the ground personnel improved
their housekeeping facilities. The
enlisted men’s service club and the officers’ clubs were further improved. Religious services were conducted for the
Protestants in the Group by Chaplain Rasmussen, who also made arrangements for
Jewish services. The 37th
Service Group Chaplain, Captain Walter F. Junk, regularly conducted the
Catholic services. Special Services
Officers, Lt. Mente and Lt. Billhart,
opened a Group theatre and scheduled a nightly showing of moving pictures. Visitors from other Bomb Groups, the 49th
Bombardment Wing, and the Air Force frequently came and went. Skies cleared, the mud slowly disappeared,
and early spring came to
Although most of this chapter dealing with the events which took place in April concerns the problems and the accomplishments of the combat crews, they were far from being the only officers and men in this organization who really went to work in earnest. The ground officers and men in every Section, both in Headquarters and each Squadron, met the challenge of blasting the enemy with many long hard conscientious hours of labor. After flying five combat missions in six days, the Group was stood down for maintenance on the 8th of April. Under that date Colonel Glantzberg made the following entry in his diary: “How the ground crews keep going, I don’t see. They are doing a wonderful job.”
On April 4th Lt. Colonel William B. Keese, Commanding Officer of the 484th
Bombardment Group, and some of the senior members of his staff visited the Base
and had lunch in our Headquarters Officers’ Mess. A few days later, on the 9th and
14th of April, Lt. Colonel Keese’s Group
arrived from
By April 4th the Group had secured a P-40
which was used by Colonel Glantzberg or Lt. Colonel Hawes in herding the planes
into formation over the assembly area and in following the formation well out
over the
Major General Nathan F. Twining, Commanding General
of the Fifteenth Air Force, paid his first visit to the Group on the 13th
of April and was present to greet Colonel Glantzberg and the crews upon their
return from the
From April 17th to 28th,
Colonel Glantzberg was a patient in the 61st
(B)
Operations.
During the month of April the Group flew a total of
sixteen missions to targets, mostly marshalling yards, located in six different
countries in
A chart entitled “Analysis of Operations”, a copy of which constitutes part of this chapter, depicts the breakdown of the accomplishments of each Squadron. Another chart entitled “Mission Summary”, a copy of which also constitutes part of this chapter, presents more of an overall picture of the Group’s operations for the month of April.
MISSIONS
The morning of
The first mission flown by the Group was that to the
Bihac Marshalling Yard in
The weather was excellent; the bomb load consisted of fragmentation bombs. All members of the crews were intensely interested in watching their first bombs hit a target. As a result, two planes collided over the target and were lost. One of those planes was piloted by 1st Lt. William H. Zumsteg; the other one by 2nd Lt. Sidney S. Wilson.
Intops Summary
No. 255,
The next day the Group was back to
The day was hazy and Group leaders had difficulty in identifying the target against the tan background of early spring. The mission was not as successful as had been the first one, and the crew members began to realize that targets were not easy to identify and hit.
This mission was led by Major Robert E. Applegate, 765th Squadron Commander. Colonel Glantzberg flew the deputy lead position. The Deputy Group Commander, the Group Operations Officer, and all the Squadron Commanders also flew this mission.
To the haze that had been experienced on the second mission was added 8/10 undercast for this third mission. As a result of the haze, the undercast, and the tan background on the ground, the target was missed completely. For the first and only time during the month no pictures of the bombing were obtained.
The formation was the best thus far flown by the
Group. Several mistakes, however, were
made. The Group failed a 360º circle and
let down to bomb below the overcast; it failed to get on the step before the
bomb run; it failed to cover a cripple on the way home; and it also failed to
get under the overcast for the return trip home across the
The 764th Squadron Commander, Captain
Edwin T. Goree, did an outstanding job in leading this
mission. The lead pilot, 2nd
Lt. James O. Bean, his bombardier; 2nd Lt. George B. Cran; and the Squadron Navigator, 1st Lt. Earl
M. DeWitt were the officers on the lead plane.
For the fourth day in succession the freshman mission took the Group to
The mission was another fragmentation mission; this
time to the north end of the airdrome at
The plane flown by 2nd Lt. John K. Specht and Major Robert E. Applegate, which did not drop its bombs on the target, developed a fire in the bomb bay that led to an explosion when the bombs were jettisoned over the Adriatic returning from the target. Three members of the crew left the plane and were lost. They were: the bombardier, 2nd Lt. William S. Sullivan; the navigator, 2nd Lt. Harold E. Milne; and the nose turret gunner, Sgt. John J. Marszalkiewics. Near the Base the seven remaining members of the crew abandoned the plane and parachuted safely to earth. Crew members were rapidly learning that combat missions are dangerous. As a result of this mission all crew members developed a deep-seated and persistent dislike for fragmentation bombs.
The Commanding Officer, the Deputy Group Commander, the Group Operations Officer, and the four Squadron Commanders, and two of the Squadron Operations Officers all flew this mission.
Freshman mission days were now behind. Instead of flying individual missions, the Group was assigned for the first time to fly Wing formation. This was the first of several missions to be flown with the Groups with the 55th Wing.
Beginning with this mission the Group began to curtail on the number of executive pilots flying every mission. As a result of the experiences gained in the former missions, Colonel Glantzberg ordered that an exceptionally competent bombardier or navigator should ride in the nose turret of the lead ship to assist in pilotage. 1st Lt. Stiles, 766th Squadron Bombardier, flew this mission in that capacity.
Although the crews did not sense it when they were
briefed for their fifth mission on Good Friday morning, their missions were
getting tougher. Their target was the
first one which the Group had been assigned in
Intops Summary
No. 260,
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RECONNAISANCE WING. |
SECRET |
INTERPRETATION REPORT No.
D.B. 43.
683 Squadron Sortie P.177, dated 10th April 1944 mean time 1600 hours shows:
Attacked
by 33 B-24s on
Last report AI/219,
dated
Through lines are open. The main weight of the attack has fallen on the Southern end of the M/Yd, and on industrial plant in the vicinity. Some clearance and repairs are noted to areas in the town previously damaged, and to the Transformer Station, to the South, and the Canepificio Minificio Milano Hemp Factory, northwest of the M/Yd.
(1) Soc. E. Sercizio Molini Flour Mill smoldering at the time of photography and more than three quarters destroyed.
(2) At least three hits on the Southern approach to the R/R bridge have cut through tracks to BOLOGNA and branch lines to Poggio Rusco, and Porto Maggiore, but two lines have been repaired and repairs still in progress on two others. Road bridge to the East almost severed.
(3) Damage to three out-buildings of Canepificio Sinz Hemp Mill, one building one quarter destroyed, and two half destroyed by fire and H.E.
(4) Further damage, or clearance to North side of main building of the C.S. Hemp Mill. (See also 3)
(5) Additional damage to buildings in the Zuccherificio Bonora Sugar Refinery, which was already largely destroyed.
(6) Several hits in M/Yd cutting tracks and wrecking rolling stock, but through lines have been opened, and a train is seen moving south at time of photography.
(7) Direct hit cutting tracks into car shops.
(8) Moderately large R/R buildings further damaged and partially demolished.
(9) Heavy damage to main building of factory believed to be the Fratelli Zanzi Aero Engine Valve Factory. Three out if six large bays with curved roofs have been completely destroyed. Construction activity just E. of here.
(10) Direct hit on main building of the I.M.I. Ball Bearing factory.
(11) Unidentified ‘L’ shaped building half destroyed.
(12) Clearance of previously damaged area in Canepificio Linificio Milano Hemp Factory. (Not on print distributed)
(13) Industrial Siding probably cut and repaired.
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Annotated Print Distributed: Prints: Comparative: |
4077 4090-4092, 4076-4078 P.94, 3110-3113, 4093-4098 |
COMMENDATION
As a result of this highly successful mission, the following commendation was received in the form of a TWX message from Major General Nathan F. Twining, Commanding General of the Fifteenth Air Force:
“FROM: TWINING, CG 15AF
“TO: CO 461 BG
“FOR THE EXCELLENT BOMBING PATTERN ON ATTACK OF FERRARA, ITALY, MARSHALLING YARDS AS EVIDENCED BY STRIKE PHOTOS, I DESIRE TO SEND ‘WELL DONE’ TO THE 461 GROUP.”
Missions No. 6: 8, 9,
On the 8th of April and again on the 9th, missions
were briefed for the marshalling yard at
After four days of inactivity, Mission No. 6 was
flown on 12 April. The target was the
marshalling yard at
For the seventh mission, which was against the Duna Tokol A/C Components Factory
at
Again the Group turned in an excellent mission by dropping 45 per cent of its bombs within 1,000 feet of the briefed aiming point on a comparatively rectangular building well hidden in woods.
COMMENDATION
From General Twining on the following day came the following TWX through channels:
“FROM:
TWINING CITE
“TO: CO 461ST BOMB GROUP
“IT IS
DESIRED THAT YOU EXPRESS MY APPRECIATION TO
“PS: KEEP
UP THE GOOD
THE 49TH
WING ADDS ITS PROUD COMMENDATIONS TO THE COMMANDING GENERAL’S EVALUATION OF
YOUR
The following TWX was also received after this mission:
“FROM:
“TO:
COMMANDING OFFICER, 451ST 461ST 484TH BOMB
GROUPS
“THE
FOLLOWING MESSAGE FROM THE FIFTEENTH
With Mission No. 8 the Group was off on its first
mission to Roumania.
Bad weather built up over
The primary target for this mission was the Brasov Airdrome
in Roumania.
Bad weather experienced the day previous on the Bucharest Mission had
moved westward and built up to over 20,000 feet. Nineteen of the thirty-four
planes to take off lost the formation in the clouds over
Fragmentation bombs were dropped with unobserved results through haze and six-tenths cloud coverage. Again twenty enemy aircraft were seen without any encounters. Half of the planes over the target were hit by flak and one was lost through flak over the target. On this plane, piloted by 1st Lt. Floyd W. Woodard, were the members of one of the four original “model crews”.
The primary target for this mission was the last resort target of yesterday. This time the target was completely obscured by clouds and no fragmentation bombs were dropped. This was Major Knapp’s first mission as Group leader.
Reconnaissance photography having revealed that the
enemy had partially repaired the damage this Group had done to the South
Marshalling Yard at
Again the target was the Chitila
M/Y,
When the crew members learned at briefing that they were to attack their first target in Vienna Area, they fully realized that they were now in the big time. Before our Group hit its target the 304th Wing had performed an outstanding job in practically demolishing the buildings at the Airdrome. Uncovering the three flights of each Section in approaching the target, the Group, led for the first time by Captain Dooley, completely sprayed the landing field with fragmentation bombs. The bombing pattern was one of perfection. The returning crews doubted if it would ever be necessary to return again to that target. Several encounters were had with twenty-three enemy fighters, two of which were claimed as probably destroyed. Fourteen planes over the target were hard hit by flak.
There were two casualties as a result of this mission: Bombardier, F/O R.B. Stewart, and a ball turret gunner, Sgt. P.N. Godino, both on 2nd Lt. G. Fulks’ crew. Each was hit in the foot by flak.
COMMENDATION
“FROM: OPERATIONS OFFICE 49TH BOMB WING
“TO: COMMANDING OFFICERS, 451ST, 461ST, 484TH BOMB GROUPS
“THE
BOMBING OF BAD VOSLAU, 23 APRIL, BY THE 49TH WING WAS
EXCELLENT. PLEASE PASS TO
“
For the third time during the month the Group went
to Chitila Marshalling Yard at
This mission took the Group on its first trip to
For the last mission of the month the Group was back
to
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MISSING IN ACTION |
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|
Rank |
Name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date |
Target |
|
1st Lt. |
William H. Zumsteg |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
John C. Fuller Jr. |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
George M. Felbar |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
Joseph J. Repko |
|
|
Bihac |
|
M/Sgt. |
Oscar R. Ives |
Diagonal, |
|
Bihac |
|
S/Sgt. |
Woodrow P. Clayton |
|
|
Bihac |
|
S/Sgt. |
Antonio P. Lerma |
|
|
Bihac |
|
S/Sgt. |
Andrew J. Allocco |
|
|
Bihac |
|
S/Sgt. |
Alvin J. Kadlecek |
|
|
Bihac |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Sidney S. Wilson |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
Emil L. Whitney |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
Harlan P. Ross |
|
|
Bihac |
|
2nd Lt. |
Joseph W. Loftus Jr. |
|
|
Bihac |
|
T/Sgt. |
Irving G. Wallace |
|
|
Bihac |
|
S/Sgt. |
Gerald Goldstein |
|
|
Bihac |
|
Sgt. |
Edward G. Ulrich |
|
|
Bihac |
|
Sgt. |
Dale V. Fine |
|
|
Bihac |
|
Sgt. |
Homer D. Childs |
|
|
Bihac |
|
Sgt. |
Clifford A. McCoy |
|
|
Bihac |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Harold E. Milne |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
William S. Sullivan |
|
|
|
|
Sgt. |
John J. Marszalkiewicz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Kay B. Steale |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Ralph M. McKinney |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Charles M. Smith Jr. |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Jack R. Severns |
|
|
|
|
Cpl. |
Charles A. Humphress |
|
|
|
|
S/Sgt. |
John F. Reynolds |
|
|
|
|
Sgt. |
Even G. Medellin |
|
|
|
|
S/Sgt. |
Richard G. Lyke |
|
|
|
|
Sgt. |
|
|
|
|
|
Sgt. |
Merle A. Troup |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
Philip J. Caroselli |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Lt. |
Charles W. Bauman |
|
|
|
|
2nd Lt. |
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